2.1 Major Disasters during Monsoon in Kerala

• District disaster management authorities should get ready to face flood, landslide, landslip, strong wind, and coastal decay based on the possibility of long term average or high rainfall. The Meteorologists estimated that the intensity of rain is (rainfall intensity: the amount of rainfall in 1 hr) high for more common in recent years. The rainfall intensity is showing an increasing trend generally. High-intensity rainfall will not provide sufficient time for water to penetrate into the deep soil. So it will reach directly to water bodies and it will intern resulting in flooding.

• The main portion of getting rainfall may like to flow, because of the loss of topsoil during the 2018 flood.

• It will cause sudden excess in the water level of rivers and water bodies.

• It is essential to remove the silt, mud, sand, and rock which is deposited in the rivers and streams by 2018 and 2019 flood.

• Since these are in rivers and streams, we can assume that the water carrying capacity of rivers is reduced.

• The District Disaster Mitigation Plan contains information on the details of villages that are prone to flooding, erosion, and landslides. This information is available at http://sdma.kerala.gov.in/maps/

• At present, the Central Water Commission does not have flood forecasting equipment in Kerala

• Actions are being taken to establish these.

• Once these are established, it is possible to plan and publish water level response measures in each river.

• The landslide/landslip forecasting technique has not been successfully tested Efforts are made by GSI.

• Alappuzha, Thrissur, Kottayam districts need to prepare separately for the flood prevention.

• The shutters of dams are likely to be opened during the monsoon.

• Children should be careful not to get into the tunnels, which is formed due to the soil piping in a certain area

• The downsizing of these tunnels cause an increase in the chance of a landslide

• Many drowning deaths have been reported in the quarries, small streams, and coastal areas. The number of such disasters increases significantly during the rainy season

• Instruct the District Authorities and various departments to consider the following during the monsoon season